Slavery Northerners and Southerners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slavery Northerners and Southerners - Essay ExampleThe niggers (black people) were the ones subjected to bondage. In the long run, near of the American people realized the evil of slavery and considered it a sin. The first abolitionist movement was founded in the northern part of America. It was the northerners who first discovered the dissipated aspect of slavery and called for its complete abolition. While slavery was dying in the north, the southerners demanded for more slaves. Cotton gin was invented during that time (Burns, n.d.). The device increased the production of cotton fiber as well as the demand for slave labor. Thus, more and more black people were sold in the southern part. In this context, the southerners feared of frugal button and racial equality if slavery was to be abolished (Burns, n.d.). Southerners believed that black people are meant to work and serve the white people. As new territories and states were formed, the topic on slavery became controversial t han ever. Specifically, the question of whether or not slavery was to be allowed in the newly formed states and territories caught both the northerners and southerners attention. The answer to the query was critical to their respective economic and racial concern. The question bothered the northerners since allowing slavery in the new states would be a disadvantage on their part. Stated otherwise, the legalization of slavery in those states was considered by the northerners as unfair and an economic threat.

Can the theories in Machiavelli's THE PRINCE be used to justify the Essay

Can the theories in Machiavellis THE PRINCE be used to justify the totalitarian actions and theories of Marx, Lenin and Stalin - Essay ExampleThe totalitarian actions of several(prenominal) great world leaders have walked on the path he laid causing indestructible loss to the humanity as well as morals. Machiavellis theories do justify the actions of the leaders, who sculpted the history of the human kind, but history had proved again and again total control over any community, unleashed finished chameleonic actions, fear and attacking first will only fail sooner or later. Act According to the Situation Machiavelli always argued the leaders should be restless to act in a chameleonic way to preserve their power. According to him it is completely just to lure the people using various philosophies like patriotism, capitalism and so on They should never regret to change it as and when necessary, if there is a threat for their power. He says either leader should be ready to take the h elp of the poisonous to sustain power if they are compelled to do so. ...he (the leader of the state) must stick to the healthy so long as he can, but, being compelled be necessity, he must be ready to take the way of the evil.(Machiavelli, 63) both Karl Marx and Machiavelli did agree that there is an existing tension prevailing between the nobles and the common men for centuries. Both challenged the primitive believes of the previous generations. They put forward new ideas to change the world. Marx saw people as social beings whose total history is merely a mannequin struggle. Each struggle leads to some sort of development. Machiavelli rattling defines the rules and regulations for these struggles. Machiavellianism seen as a satire helps Marxists understand the evils of bourgeoisie much better. But, Karl Marxs actions were influenced by the ideologies in the sustain to a great extent. While Marx and Machiavelli were two different poles when it came to societys freedom and dev elopment, both shared similar views on acquiring power. Machiavelli has personally experienced all the brutalities like Strapeddo and confinement within a short area which Marx struggled to remove from the society. He penned down the Prince with the aim of impressing his Lorenzo di Medici, the then Italian prince who had the capability to narrow his sentence (Wooton, 1994). The struggling did shape Machiavellis mind and gave him the capability to analyze the reason behind such issues. Machiavelli clearly described no man is good and there is no point in resolving only good means to fight or rule him. Similarly Karl Marx also agreed every man in a political animal and they need iron hands to rule them until humanity evolves into better state. Karl Marx struggled to establish a communal presidency where the poorest of the poor who were suppressed in every possible way would get some sort of freedom and justice. He believed it would be possible only by dint of complete power change. His Dictatorship of Proletariat is the best example of how power will be shifted from one class to the other. This is what Machiavelli describes as taking the help of evil. Marxism actually lures people into believing everybody will be treated fair, with equality and mercy. But, the means to acquire power to materialize the same will be brutal, crushing everybody possible. In simple word Marxists can take the help of the evil to establish goodness in the world. They can kill the very mob they guaranteed freedom to accomplish power. Karl Marx did have close contacts with many elite, rich

Restructuring in Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Restructuring in Airline Industry - Essay ExampleThe bewilder of this crisis was the increase in the fuel prices as in the worse economic fiasco faced by m all nations across the globe. This led to the falling vote down in demand of fuel in USA and Britain. Breaking out of Gulf War saw many flight paths shutting their business down, among these were the Eastern Airlines -US, British airline Air Europe, Pan American and a few smaller airlines like Midway-US and TEA in Belgium.The end of Gulf War was not any better for any of these airlines. From the worlds top-20 airlines only British Airways, Cathay, SIA (Singapore Airlines) and Swissair made a net surplus in each of the three years 1991-1993. The worst hit was the North-American airlines on the contrary many Asian airlines functioned beneficially.Many airlines needed huge capitals to survive in those years among them was Air France. The member states of the European Union received US $ 10.4 billion in state aid in the year 1995. This was government support offered following authorization by the European Commission. In 1997, Alitalia was given $ 1.7 billion of state aid. several(prenominal) Airlines received government funds about $ 1.3 billion that were not classified as state support. Subsequently, in 1994 and the years to follow, with financial prudence a make out of airlines returned to stipulate development and gain acquire. Generally, this was the time when a boom occurred in the airline business. In addition, 1998 was the most lucrative year ever. (Doganis, 2001) Airlines suffered a setback dear after 9/11. A year following the assault on WTC, 54% of airline employees in NY district who were removed remained jobless.By and large, joblessness in the sassy York state remains towering, at 7.4 percent, and current statistics illustrate that more or less 40 percent of those laid off subsequent to 9/11 are still jobless. Even though billions of dollars in centralized support have been billed to help the airlines affected by the rebellious assault, removed airline employees have by and large been unsuccessful to profit up to now from this aid. Apparently, not just US but many other countries suffered in the result of 9/11s events. There was an abrupt, close to total disruption of air traffic in the United States on 9/11, which persisted for quite a few eld after that. On the other hand, Clark (Sept. 25, 2001) found that even though some businesses proposed to use video-conferencing and automobiles to replace for air travel, largely companies hadnt suspended business travel by air. Airline industry possibly has attained soaring rates of development, but this has not been convoyed by soaring rates of productivity, relatively contradicting. The Airline industry profits have been relatively less as compared to some other businesses, and in recent years there have been extreme losses too. It is alongside this scenery that the industry is experiencing several fundamental restructuring . The better part of the post-war period the industry was subjugated by the nationalized airlines, known as flag carriers, and the regimes that possessed them frequently financed and used them as devices to further their

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Reflection Paper - Essay ExampleUp to this point in time, including this very moment, the Roman Catholic church building is undergoing many changes as secular culture continuously challenges the church to keep up with the signs of the times. We find the church moving in various directions as a result of the many cultures and sub-cultures in America that need attention. It is so important for the church to adopt panaches, strategies and techniques so that the mission that was handed down from Christ by the Apostles will be carried out to the end. As a contemporary Roman Catholic priest in todays America, my vision is to lead my scout troop to the concept of piety and holiness reflected in these ideas.I hope to live up to the vision of our founder and lead the flock based on the establish that was handed down to me by our brothers as it is shaped and defined by the modern era. I will continually seek innovative ways, strategies and techniques to achieve the social, political, econo mical, religious, institutional and personal goals of the individual members of my flock in keeping with the traditional values and beliefs of our order. Considering these goals, I am recognizing that each one of us is affected one way or the other by those around us and this will be a major challenge. My own vision of the piety and holiness to which I regard to lead my flock is that it must first be based on the personal, social, political, emotional, cultural, intellectual and religious background of what I have had experienced throughout the occupation of my life. This will not be easy as my experiences here in America are an ongoing learning experience culturally and mentally. It will drive consistent reflection and self-understanding. However, in understanding these things, it is very crucial to consider and internalize the many changes experienced in both the American culture and the Catholic Church on a

Nursing - Staffing Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing - Staffing Issue - Essay ExampleAlthough the government has assay to develop robot nurses, the scientists atomic number 18 yet to succeed in that front. Up to date all nurses are still human thus the need to claim staffing policies in consideration that the players are human in nature (Roussel, 2011). Staff ratio Staffing ratio entails the number of registered nurse per patient. The ratio could compare the registered nurse per working(a) or hospitalized patient. Further, the ratio could be a registered nurse per throw or per patient day. It is imperative for the proportion to be as low down as feasible so that a lesser number of patients is assigned to registered nurses. Nurses being human, also suffer fatigue and exhaustion. When exhausted, a nurses effectiveness deteriorates and could go to the death or atrophication of the patients health (Finkelman & Kenner, 2012). Shift rotation and duration Nursing can be structured in shifts whereby the nurses have particular t imes when they would be on duty. The length and time of the shift is critical in the effectiveness of the nurse. Ideally, the nurse should be on duty for the duration in which s/he is able to concentrate fully. Patients whether surgical or hospitalized would need attention and the nurse should be at her/his best to give attention. When a shift takes too coarse, the nurse would suffer from fatigue and lose concentration (Griffin, 2011). This gives leeway for the occurrence of procedural or medical errors. The duration must therefore, be long enough to cover for the economic ability of the hospital management but also short enough to guarantee the concentration of nurses. The shifts must also be rotated among the nurses. It is prudent to spread the shifts to all the nurses so that everyone enjoys the burdens in a particular shift. This especially relates to the night shifts which is usually less convenient for most nurses. It is significant to provide incentives that would encourage participation by nurses in the night shifts. The management must however consider other factors such as the age of the nurses, marital status and family commitments in electing the night shift nurses (Griffin, 2011). Overtime and weekend staffing Nurses may be forced to work overtime due to strained resources. However, this is risky and should be a measure of last resort. An overtime worker has never been productive in any industry. The nursing profession is more(prenominal) delicate as it deals with the feel of patients. It is proper to avoid working nurses overtime as this compromises their effectiveness hence poor delivery which translates to higher risk of hospital mortality. The management should adopt the more difficult option of hiring more nurses rather than opting for overtime (Fernandez, 2010). Weekend staffing is inevitable considered that patients do not cure during weekends. Policy formulators need to appreciate that packages must be friendlier to attract nurses to work over the weekends. The effectiveness of a nurse working over the weekend is however not compromised by the fact that the days are weekends (Fernandez, 2010). Empirical evidence Research has attempted to estimate the ratio of hospital mortality to nursing hours. In this analysis, hospital mortality refers to death in the hospital or within thirty days after admission in the hospital. Research has proven that an increase in the

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 8

Case Study ExampleThe business model followed by Hanon compelled the managers to follow all the rules laid down by the bodily office down to every word. Therefore, the embodied office had complete control over all the operational activities of the restaurant chain. Looking at the initial results of success, the high management decided to expand the business of China Delight. After the expansion the problem started surfacing. As a result of the expansion, the management had to hire general managers from outside. This decision making eventually proved to be the root cause of the downfall of China Delight. The previously implemented model of close control by the corporate office started creating friction with the newly appointed managers. Moreover, they did non possess any experience to run chain restaurants, so they had to be trained in clubhouse to get them habituated with the business and operational structure of Hanon. The training did not prove to be fruitful for China delight , as the managers mostly ignored the instructions from the higher(prenominal) management and decided to run the operations based on their own knowledge and expertise.This as a result led to severe deviations from the operations manual of arms provided by the corporate office thereby reducing its control over the restaurant chain. The newly appointed managers who did not had any experience in political campaign restaurant chains failed to maintain consistency and quality standards, which hampered the brand image of the restaurant chain thereby reducing the foot fall level. The decreasing taxation and severe loss making became a severe concern for the company. Moreover, there was a communicational gap between the general managers and the corporate office, as the managers did not file regular reports and mostly ignored the instructions from the higher management this as a result worsened the problem even further. There was too a great

Punitive Damages To Products Liability Essay Example for Free

Punitive remedy To Products Liability EssayEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Product indebtedness is a growing interest in almost all parts of the world. The doors of justice be opened to innocent and helpless consumers who can ask manufacturers of products to revenge them for alter incurred after using their products. The burden of liability is placed upon manufacturers and producers who could non use any defense to exculpate themselves from strict liability law. thither are two principles that form the foundations on product liability, namely, strict liability, and negligence. Thus, manufacturers are bound to make a wise estimate of how much disparage it whitethorn be apt in the prox should any result be filed against it on product liability. In effect, any manufacturer should picture that the good of the product outweighs the combat injury that it may cause to any consumer if such product is draw in the market. This is the social responsibility of manufacturers and a safeguard to consumers. Never mind if the cost is passed on to the consumers as may be incorporated in the cost of the product for as long as there is an assurance that in any future eventuality, the manufacturer would be able to come to the liability and pay the cost of damage. Punitive restitution that may be awarded on top of the actual regaining incurred would be up to the royal courts of justice to determine. The reason behind the grant is to deter similar cases in the future. Putting a hood on penal alter is depriving a complainant his day in court while it also limits the authority that our laws have vested in the courts of justice. Any law to that effect is simply negating an various(prenominal)s right to be fully recompensed for any damage that may be incurred due on product liability cases. Thus, as in new(prenominal) cases on torts and delicts, it is best left to the courts of justice to establish the punitive damage that may be imposed against manufacturers whose produc t caused damage to any of its consumers.Should Punitive Damages In Products Liability Cases Be Capped The history of product liability law dates back to the 1800s when one Englishman, Mr. Winterbottom filed a case against the manufacturer of a mail coach due to poor construction. Mr. Winterbottom, who was the driver of the mail coach of the Postmaster superior general, was seriously wound when the mail coach collapsed. The theory advanced at that term was to limit the liability to persons with privity of needs. Mr. Winterbottom was not privy to the contract of purchase between the Postmaster General and the manufacturer of the mail coach. Thereby, the case was dismissed. As the manufacturing industry advanced, quality ascertain of the products being produced by manufacturers has become a subject of interest to numerous sectors of society. The concern naturally required the governments to enact laws which would ensure protection of consumers. However, while many laws could be e nacted to ensure full protection of the consuming markets, compliance to these laws would also remain a question. Thus, it has been inevitable that cases on product liability piled up in the courts of justice in all countries of the world. The difference, though, is that where before the little and helpless consumers would have a difficult time to raise their concerns and seek redress in these measure where awareness on product liability has been brought to the fore, manufacturers with big pockets are made to compensate consumers for damages incurred. There is no question that manufacturers should be made liable to pay for damages that any of their products may have caused on the consuming public. The law on strict liability has become the basis on findings of the court as it decides on how much liability any manufacturer is to shoulder and pay to the consumer in a particular case. Strict liability law stresses the liability on the product in contrast to the principle of negligence which places the responsibility on nearly acts of the manufacturer. In the case of Greenman v Yuba Power Products, Inc. the California unconditional Court assigned strict liability to a manufacturer,.. who placed on the market a defective product even though both privity of contract and notice of breach of warranty were lacking. The court rejected both contract and warranty theories, express or implied, as the basis for liability. Strict liability does not rest on a consensual foundation but, rather, on one created by law. The liability was created judicially because of the economic and social need for the protection of consumers in an increasingly complex and mechanized society, and because of the limitations in the negligence and warranty remedies. The courts avowed purpose was to insure that the costs of injuries resulting from defective products are borne by the manufacturer that put such products on the market rather than by the injured persons who are powerless to protect t hemselves. (Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. 1963 59 Cal.2d 57 13 A.L.R.3d 1049. Negligence, on the other hand, places upon the plaintiff to prove that the manufacturer acted or failed to act on something which resulted to the damage caused by the product. While the manufacturer, in such case, would still be held liable to compensate for damage incurred by the consumer, the metre and degree of liability would be abated based on the extent of defense that the manufacturer could successfully bring forth to the court in the instant case. Thus, following this line of reasoning, there is a risk that the plaintiff may not be fully recompensed for the damage incurred. In fact, there is a chance that the cause of the plaintiff may be denied.The most objectionable aspects of asbestos litigation can be briefly summarized dockets in both federal and call down courts continue to grow long delays are routine trials are too long the same issues are litigated over and over transaction costs pass along the victims recovery by nearly two to one exhaustion of assets threatens and distorts the process and future claimants may lose altogether. Report of The Judicial Conference Ad Hoc committal on Asbestos Litigation 2-3 (Mar. 1991). In recent cases, products liability claims are based not on negligence, but rather on strict liability. In the hand of good and responsible people, this development is for the benefit of the greater number of society the consumers and the market. The burden of proving liability is no longer solely borne by the plaintiff. Proof of liability is much easier to raise and bring to the appreciation of the courts. Thus, more and more plaintiffs have been fully compensate. Punitive damages which are awarded on top of actual damages create a different bearing in the case. Its main purpose is to deter others similarly situated to create unconscionable and similar acts in the future. The prey is to impress upon the mind of the defendant and to the whole world that such and similar acts would not be tolerated by society in general. Thus, in most cases, punitive damages are almost always very high. As in tort cases, the laws of the land have placed upon our courts of justice the authority to determine the amount of punitive damages that may be rightfully granted in a particular case. Putting a pileus to punitive damages would be limiting the authority of our courts of justice to act for and in behalf of the greater number for the greater good. Unconscionable punitive damages that are awarded and which are unacceptable to some parties could be raised to proper legal authorities through proper legal course of action. Putting a cap to punitive damages that may be granted on product liability cases is limiting the right of a plaintiff to seek redress of grievances and damages incurred when and where proper. Both plaintiff and defendant have the opportunities to be heard in court and almost always, manufacturers have the best chanc es to protect their interests with the extent of their capability to litigate and pursue their rights. Putting a cap to punitive damages is not the solution to exculpate manufacturers from liabilities. Preventive measures and full quality control of their goods from manufacture to market delivery should be heighten and made the order of the day. Shifting responsibilities from the manufacturer to the consumer is something that is not fair and something that would work to the disadvantage of the consuming public in the long run. Putting a cap on punitive damages to product liability could be interpreted as putting a limit to how much a consumer could be compensated for incurring damage. This is somehow dangerous and risky as no manufacturer could foresee the extent of damage that their products may cause upon an individual. Putting a cap to punitive damages simply works as insurance to consumers that whatever may happen, they are entitled to a certain extent of compensation depending on how they can prove the liability. Again the burden of proof is shifted to the consumer and away from the manufacturer.The distinction between products liability and negligence was explained in Jiminez v. Sears, Roebuck Co. (1971) 4 Cal.3d 379, 383 52 A.L.R.3d 92 It is pointed out that in a products liability case the plaintiff in order to recover in strict liability in tort must prove that he was injured by a defect in the product and that the product was defective when it left the hands of the retailer or manufacturer whereas to recover in negligence the plaintiff must prove the same two elements plus an additional element, namely, that the defect in the product was due to negligence of the defendant.This is a discreet divergency from the strict liability law. In the case of Green v. General Petroleum Corp., where an oil well blew out through no fault of the defendant, the court relying on Section 3514 of the Civil Code held that The defendant was neertheless liable. The cas e has been generally interpreted as one involving strict liability for damages resulting from an ultrahazardous activity. It is not world-shattering that a property damage, as distinguished from a personal injury, was there involved. The important factor is that certain activities under certain conditions may be so hazardous to the public generally, and of such relative infrequent occurrence, that it may well call for strict liability as the best public policy. Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 60 A.L.R. 475. Cases on product liability are pretty much similar to tort cases. Tort is a civil wrong which results to an injury or harm giving a person a cause of action to seek redress of the wrong mostly through relief of damages incurred. Sanctions for sinful acts may also be imposed but the injured person would almost always seek for monetary recompense for damages incurred such as loss of earning capacity, pain and suffering, and reasonable medical expenses.Therefo re, like any other tort cases under the civil law where no cap to punitive damages is imposed or established, it is unfair and unconstitutional to place a cap on punitive damages on product liability cases. It is unconstitutional as it impinges on the right of a person to be compensated for damages incurred as granted to him under the civil law. In an important but break decision, State Farm v. Campbell, the U.S. Supreme Court in April held that the Due Process Clause of the 14th amendment prohibits the imposition of grossly excessive or arbitrary punishments on defendants in tort cases. This was the second High Court ruling in the past few years that rightly objected to steep punitive damage awards. There are measures which ensure that the courts do not grant unconscionable amounts of damages actual and punitive. Putting a cap to punitive damages is not the answer for manufacturers to get an assurance and security that they would not be liable to pay for damages that would bring their business down. Well, first and foremost, manufacturers concern should be on the asylum of its products. Secondly, being responsible corporate citizens would spell the difference when any manufacturer is faced with the case on product liability. Actual, sincere, and timely concern to a case brought by any plaintiff would ensure that punitive damages that may be awarded would be commensurate to the strategy and action plan that the manufacturer has undertaken to ensure that the plantiffs concern was addressed responsively and proactive measures are being strategized to prevent any other future occurrence. The burden of proof still rests upon the manufacturer and never on the consumer.ReferencesWhite, Robert Jeffrey. Top 10 in torts evolution in the common law. Trial 32, no. 7 (July 1996) 50-53.McMahonBinchy, Law of Torts, Butterworths 3rd Ed., par. 11.113-114Jimenez v. Superior Court (T.M. Cobb Co.), 29 Cal. 4th 473 2002)Supreme Court of Ireland Judgment, 3 November 1988.Fische r, David A Green, Michael Powers, Jr. William Sanders, Joseph. Fischer, Green, Powers and Sanders Cases and Materials on Products Liability. 4th, American Casebook series. Copyright 2006.Owen, David G Phillips, Jerry J. Owen and Phillips Products Liability in a Nutshell. 7th Edition (Nutshell Series)Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 60 A.L.R. 475Owens, Phillips. Products Liability. 7th ed., 2005. 13-ISBN9780314155108Format Paperback-New SKUSumner, L. Quality Assurance and Product Liability. Product Liability in Engineering, IEE Colloquium on Volume, Issue 6 Mar 1989. Pages 2/1 to 2/7.Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. (1963) 59 Cal.2d 57 13 A.L.R.3d 1049.Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 60 A.L.R. 475.Jiminez v. Sears, Roebuck Co. (1971) 4 Cal.3d 379, 383 52 A.L.R.3d 92